Europe 1230

^ fine, john van antwerp (1994). late medieval balkans: critical survey late twelfth century ottoman conquest. university of michigan press. p. 125. isbn 978-0-472-08260-5. 
^ peter linehan (1999). chapter 21: castile, portugal , navarre . in david abulafia. new cambridge medieval history c.1198-c.1300. cambridge: cambridge university press. pp. 668–673. isbn 0-521-36289-x. 
^ picard, christophe (2000). le portugal musulman (viiie-xiiie siècle. l occident d al-andalus sous domination islamique. paris: maisonneuve & larose. p. 110. isbn 2-7068-1398-9.