British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations Governor

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1 british empire , commonwealth of nations

1.1 vice-regal governors

1.1.1 united kingdom overseas territories
1.1.2 australia
1.1.3 canada
1.1.4 british hong kong (1841–1997)
1.1.5 new zealand
1.1.6 within united kingdom
1.1.7 within england


1.2 elsewhere in commonwealth

1.2.1 india
1.2.2 kenya
1.2.3 malaysia
1.2.4 nigeria
1.2.5 pakistan
1.2.6 papua new guinea
1.2.7 sri lanka







british empire , commonwealth of nations


flag of governor of hong kong, 1959–1997


in british empire, governor official appointed british monarch (or cabinet) oversee 1 of colonies , (sometimes notional) head of colonial administration. governor s power diminish colony gained more responsible government vested in such institutions executive council colony s administration, , in further stage of self-government, legislative councils or assemblies, in governor had role.


today, crown colonies of united kingdom continue administered governor, holds varying degrees of power. because of different constitutional histories of former colonies of united kingdom, term governor refers officials differing amounts of power.


administrators, commissioners , high commissioners exercise similar powers governors. (note: such high commissioners not confused high commissioners equivalent of ambassadors between commonwealth states).


frequently name government house given governors residences.



the term can used in more generic sense, compound titles include it: governor-general , lieutenant-governor.

vice-regal governors
united kingdom overseas territories

in united kingdom s remaining overseas territories, governor direct appointee of british government , plays active role in governing , lawmaking (though advice of elected local representatives). governor s chief responsibility defence , external affairs of colony.


in minor overseas territories, instead of governor, there administrator or commissioner, or position held ex officio high commissioner.


australia

in australia, each state has governor formal representative of queen, head of state government. not political office ceremonial one. each state governor appointed queen of australia on advice of premier, political chief executive of state government (until 1986, state governors appointed queen of united kingdom on advice of british government). state governors have emergency reserve powers these used. territories of australia other act have administrators instead of governors, appointed formally governor-general. governor-general representative of , appointed queen of australia @ federal level on advice of prime minister of australia.


as governors-general of australia , other commonwealth realms, state governors exercise power on advice of government minister.


canada

in canada, there governors @ federal , provincial levels of government who, within jurisdictions, act representatives of queen of canada, canada s head of state. federal governor governor general of canada, , governor of each province lieutenant governor. governor general appointed queen on advice of prime minister of canada, whereas lieutenant governors appointed governor general on advice of prime minister. role of governor general , of lieutenant governors in canada largely ceremonial, although retain authority exercise reserve powers in exceptional circumstances.


each of 3 territories headed commissioner appointed prime minister. unlike provincial lieutenant governors, not representatives of queen, rather representatives of federal government.


british hong kong (1841–1997)

in colonial period of hong kong, governor representative of sovereign 1843, year authorities , duties of post officially defined hong kong letters patent , royal instructions, until handover of hong kong prc government in 1997. each governor appointed monarch , possessed significant powers such power of appointing lawmakers in legislative council, power grant land, power of veto on bills , motions, power of pardon, etc. @ same time, governor head of colonial cabinet, chairman of executive council, president of legislative council (until 1993), commander-in-chief of british forces in hong kong.


new zealand

the governor-general of new zealand governor of ross dependency, antarctic sector claimed realm of new zealand.


within united kingdom

within united kingdom itself, there position of governor of northern ireland 1922 until suspension of devolved parliament of northern ireland in 1973.


within england

from 16th century until 1995, there governor of isle of wight, part of england. since reign of henry viii, monarch has borne title of supreme governor of church of england.


elsewhere in commonwealth
india

in india, each state has ceremonial governor appointed president of india. these governors different governors controlled british-controlled portions of indian empire (as opposed princely states) prior 1947.


a governor head of state in india. generally, governor appointed each state, after 7th constitutional amendment, 1956, 1 governor can appointed more 1 state.


kenya

since 2010 kenyan constitution, leaders of 47 counties use title of governor . elected every 5 years registered voters of county.


governors chief executive officers of counties , akin national government s president. oversee appointed committee of executives manage range of portfolios such as:



agriculture
county health services
cultural activities, public entertainment , public amenities
county transport
animal control , welfare
trade development , regulations
county planning , development
pre-primary education, village polytechnics, home craft centres , childcare facilities
implementation of specific national government policies on natural resources , environmental conservation
county public works , services
fire station services , disaster management
control of drugs , pornography
ensuring , coordinating participation of communities , locations in governance @ local level , assisting communities , locations develop administrative capacity effective exercise of functions , powers , participation in governance @ local level

malaysia

in malaysia, each of 4 non-monarchical states (penang, malacca, sabah , sarawak) has ceremonial governor styled yang di-pertua negeri, appointed renewable four-year term yang di-pertuan agong, federal king of malaysia on advice of prime minister after consulting state governments. each of these states has separate head of government called ketua menteri or chief minister. 4 yang di-pertua negeri members of conference of rulers, cannot participate in election of yang di-pertuan agong, discussions related privileges of malay rulers , matters concerning observance of islam.


nigeria

in nigeria (once colony governed single british governor before independence), each state has governor popularly elected citizens of state. governor both head of state , head of government his/her state , plays active role in day-to-day administration of state , can impeached elected state legislature.


pakistan

in pakistan, each of 4 provinces has governor appointed president. governor representative of president in province , ceremonial head of province whereas chief minister head of provincial government. governor exercises powers similar president s, in respective province.


papua new guinea

in papua new guinea, leaders of provinces have been known governors since august 1995. called premiers.


sri lanka

the provincial councils of 9 provinces of sri lanka headed governors, representatives of president. prior 1948, in ceylon (former name sri lanka), governor of ceylon head of british colony.








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