Phonology Polish language

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polish has 6 oral vowels (all monophthongs) , 2 nasal vowels. oral vowels /i/ (spelled i), /ɨ/ (spelled y), /ɛ/ (spelled e), /a/ (spelled a), /ɔ/ (spelled o) , /u/ (spelled u or ó). nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ (spelled ę) , /ɔ̃/ (spelled ą).


the polish consonant system shows more complexity: characteristic features include series of affricate , palatal consonants resulted 4 proto-slavic palatalizations , 2 further palatalizations took place in polish , belarusian. full set of consonants, common spellings, can presented follows (although other phonological analyses exist):



stops /p/ (p), /b/ (b), /t/ (t), /d/ (d), /k/ (k), /ɡ/ (g), , palatalized forms /kʲ/ (ki) , /ɡʲ/ (gi)
fricatives /f/ (f), /v/ (w), /s/ (s), /z/ (z), /ʂ/ (sz), /ʐ/ (ż, rz), alveolo-palatals /ɕ/ (ś, si) , /ʑ/ (ź, zi), , /x/ (ch, h) , /xʲ/ (chi, hi)
affricates /ts/ (c), /dz/ (dz), /tʂ/ (cz), /dʐ/ (dż), /tɕ/ (ć, ci), /dʑ/ (dź, dzi) (these written here without ties browser display compatibility, although polish distinguish between affricates in czy, , stop–fricative clusters in trzy)
nasals /m/ (m), /n/ (n), /ɲ/ (ń, ni)
approximants /l/ (l), /j/ (j), /w/ (ł)
trill /r/ (r)

neutralization occurs between voiced–voiceless consonant pairs in environments: @ end of words (where devoicing occurs), , in consonant clusters (where assimilation occurs). details, see voicing , devoicing in article on polish phonology.


most polish words paroxytones (that is, stress falls on second-to-last syllable of polysyllabic word), although there exceptions.







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