Language structure Ormuri

1 language structure

1.1 phonology

1.1.1 lexical differences
1.1.2 differences in phonetic forms


1.2 syllabic patterns

1.2.1 examples


1.3 morphology

language structure
phonology
lexical differences

differences in phonetic forms

the vowel system of ormuri characterized heterogenous. language consists of subsystem of vowels found native within ormuri vocabulary, subsystem of vowels considered borrowed vocabulary. differences seen between logar , kaniguram dialects based on quality of vowels instead of quantity.

the system based on 6 phonemes: i, e, a, å, o, u.

the consonant system varies between both dialects of kaniguram , logar. logar native consonant system contains 25 phonemes, while kaniguram system has 27.

syllabic patterns

proper ormuri words have following syllabic patterns: v, vc, cv, ccv, (c)vcc, cvc, ccvc, ccvcc. both dialects kaniguram , logar have similar syllabic structure.

examples

a- this
un/wun- much
pe- father
gri- mountain
åxt- eight
måx- we
spok- dog
breš- burn
broxt- burned
wroxt- beard

at end of words cc occurs spirant/sonant + occlusive. when separating words syllables, medial cc divided:

al-gox-tok- fall
kir-ží- hen
er-zåk- come

morphology

the language has undergone extensive change in comparison ancestral self. nominal morphology (nouns, adjectives, , pronouns), aspects of kaniguram dialect of grammatical gender has been lost in logar. in terms of verbal morphology, there greater variety of conjugations of modal , tense-aspect forms based on present-tense stem. there distinction made between masculine , feminine words based on past-tense system. finally, there greater number of distinctions between within system of tense-aspect forms , there different types of ergative constructions.

there developed system of noun , verb inflections. nominal parts of speech contains: 3 numbers (singular, dual, , plural), 3 genders (masculine, feminine, , neuter), , verb has 2 vices (active , middle). there elimination of category of case (loss in nouns, adjectives, numerals, , pronouns). there complete loss of category of gender, varying on dialect (complete loss in logar , rudimentary masculine , feminine forms remain in kaniguram). in logar original ormuri nouns , adjectives have simple stem ending in consonant , few nouns end in unstressed (or stressed) -a or -i. whereas in kaniguram, stem ends in consonant, both nouns , adjectives may end in -a or -i.