Service provision Water supply and sanitation in Kenya

the population of low-income settlements such kibera depends on water provided informal small service providers.

informal small service providers (ssps) provide water in both rural , urban low-income settlements. of them sell water tanker trucks or through jerry cans, @ prices 5 ten times of piped water supply. others self-help groups, run women, provide piped water supply. water services trust fund making efforts formalise service provision in low-income settlements. has developed 2 national concepts service provision poor. first 1 community project cycle, makes funds available local communities willing comply minimum service standards. second one, urban poor concept has been implemented in low-income urban areas since 2007 , has led construction of numerous water kiosks meet sustainability standards.

an example of partnership between utility , self-help groups can found in nyalenda, poor neighbourhood 60,000 inhabitants in kisumu. local utility sells water in bulk self-help groups in turn manage networks , water kiosks inside neighbourhoods.

a view of old town of malindi, touristic city private company ran water system 1999 2003.

private sector participation. private sector plays limited, not negligible role in operating water supply systems in kenya. since 1975 runda water limited provides piped water executive residential housing estate of old runda in nairobi. in 2008, runda signed service provision agreement athi wsb provision of water supply inhabitants of 2 residential blocks.

in 1995 service contract signed between nwcpc , gauff consulting engineers support local authorities in coastal town malindi in billing , revenue collection. contract extended 7 , half months 3 , half years. after conclusion in 1999, management contract signed between malindi water company , private operator period of 4 years support company on technical , financial aspects.

the contract regarded successful , after expired responsibility service provision reverted public sector. in small town of tala in 1999, kangundo county council entered in 30-year water provision contract romane agencies ltd. contract foresees 10% of revenues paid town council. of today, small improvements in service quality have been observed, water coverage still remains challenge.