Islamic republics Republic

islamic political philosophy has long history of opposition absolute monarchy, notably in work of al-farabi. sharia law took precedence on of ruler, , electing rulers means of shura important doctrine. while caliphate maintained principles of elected ruler, later states became hereditary or military dictatorships though many maintained pretense of consultative shura.

none of these states typically referred republics. current usage of republic in muslim countries borrowed western meaning, adopted language in late 19th century. 20th century saw republicanism become important idea in of middle east, monarchies removed in many states of region. iraq became secular state. nations, such indonesia , azerbaijan, began secular. in iran, 1979 revolution overthrew monarchy , created islamic republic based on ideas of islamic democracy.