Host nation investment 2014 FIFA World Cup preparations

1 host nation investment

1.1 stadiums
1.2 infrastructure projects
1.3 security measures
1.4 human cost

host nation investment
stadiums


dilma rousseff (2nd right) , pelé (center) following works in belo horizonte

although organisers estimated costs of us$1.1 billion, reported us$3.6 billion has been spent on stadium works. 5 of chosen host cities have brand new venues built world cup, while estádio nacional mané garrincha in capital brasilia demolished , rebuilt, remaining 6 being extensively renovated. estádio maracanã in rio de janeiro, holds record attendance fifa world cup finals match (199,854), largest of stadiums , stage final. cbf intended host opening match @ são paulo s estádio morumbi dropped in 2010 , replaced arena corinthians after failing provide financial guarantees required improvements.

the first wholly new stadium, castelão, in fortaleza, became operational in january 2013. 6 of venues used during 2013 confederations cup. however, 6 further stadiums missed fifa s original 31 december 2013 deadline completed works. completion of new arena corinthians hindered fatal crane collapse in november 2013 destroyed part of stadium , killed 2 construction workers. slow progress @ arena da baixada site in curitiba led fifa threatening drop stadium host venue in january 2014 unless significant progress made during following month; after being satisfied of progress, fifa confirmed curitiba remain host city.

during first 3 months of 2014, first games staged @ venues in manaus (arena da amazônia), natal , porto alegre. however, following inspection of venues in may 2014, fifa secretary valcke expressed concerns readiness of natal, porto alegre , são paulo venues, additional test events still being required. brazil s deputy sports minister, luis fernandes, responded stating there no panic .

infrastructure projects

luz station in downtown são paulo



bus rapid transit system in curitiba



recife international airport

in january 2010 brazil s federal government estimated staging tournament require state investment of $11 billion of funding. announced tax breaks construction , refurbishment of stadiums 2014 world cup , host cities exempt vat, expenditure fifa in brazil exempt taxation.

the brazilian federal government has earmarked r$3 billion (€1.8 billion, £1.1 billion) investment in works relating 2014 world cup, , intends release package of works, entitled world cup pac (portuguese acronym growth acceleration programme). brazil announced in march 2007 there additional pac investment of 526 billion dollars allotted infrastructure spanning 2011 2014 airports in brazil have been identified big problem tournament s organizing committee. experts airports need massive renovation , expansion in order facilitate influx of people arriving 2014 fifa world cup estimated 600,000 people travel plane tournament in addition 3 million passengers using flight travel between matches.

legislation introduced enable state s airport operator infraero speed airport works. brazil s government having issues upholding legislation regard infrastructure however, research brazilian government in 2011 forecast 10 of 13 terminals upgraded unlikely completed in time tournament. brazilian president dilma rousseff stated government make strong intervention ensure airports ready, including opening them private investment; management of 3 airports auctioned off private sector in 2013 (earning $10.8 billion).

additional major infrastructure projects have been taking place across country on road systems , light rail , bus rapid transit lines connect airports city centres , stadiums. on 4,300 km of highways forecast require work.

to host increased number of tourists in country, brazilian development bank(bndes) has provided budget of r$2 billion modernise , increase country s hotel network. in rio de janeiro, these developments in anticipation staging of 2016 summer olympics.

many planned works such new monorail systems in manaus , são paulo , subway system in belo horizonte have, however, been cancelled, while others no longer expected finished before tournament. other projects proceeding in downsized scale. in may 2014 reported 36 of planned 93 major projects have been completed. fifa secretary general jérôme valcke defended state of progress, stating clear beginning not projects ready... these projects part of government plan goes far beyond world cup . fifa has pledged spend @ least $20 million on legacy projects in brazil following tournament.

military police guarding road

the failure deliver planned projects has been cited cause criticism brazilians against government s investment in tournament , handling of projects. opinion poll datafolha 2 months before start of tournament found 48% of respondents in brazil supported event, decline 79% approval rating given in 2008. 55% of respondents said believed event bring more harm brazilians. fifa president sepp blatter admitted brazilians bit discontented because promised lot .

former brazilian footballer romário, political figure, criticised country s handling of these preparations said fifa s requirements excessive . former brazilian player, ronaldo, said felt embarrassed state of country s infrastructure , how series of investments promised won t delivered - 30% percent delivered .

a group of german economists think economic luxury host sports event of size in newly industrialized country brazil or russia. suggest @ least 2 measures make such events sustainable: first, build less. , second, organizing associations should participate finance sports venues. large stadiums , streets not used more after event. effect disastrous if relation of investments compared assets low in brazil, , event drains of total money spent. consequence, fear olympic games , football world championships hosted in countries authoritarian regimes.

security measures

brazilian police test anti-bomb robot

the brazilian government has pledged $900 million invested security forces , tournament 1 of protected sports events in history . plans have 1 police officer every 50 people attending matches, , 1 every 80 people @ public viewing events around country.

investment in security measures such facial recognition systems , unmanned security robots has been made. integrated security plan has been developed seeks gain information sources potential terrorists, troublemakers , hooligans. total of 150,000 public security professionals , military ensure world cup security, along 20,000 private security personnel.

security concerns tournament have been increased since large-scale protests occurred during brazil s staging of 2013 fifa confederations cup disturbances occurring outside stadiums. protesters cited amount of public money being invested brazilian government in hosting of world cup @ expense of social services population key grievance.

the human cost

while projected cost government estimated @ 14 billion dollars stage , prepare world cup in many ways, there many other costs think when approaching such heavy-loaded topic such 2014 world cup. produce event of magnitude many sacrifices must made when deciding , how go creating these venues on world s stage.

in order create space these events choices had made, infrastructure located in order support stadium itself. concessions had made in order place these venues both fifa , government felt effective place them be. because of decision in may of 2014 in brasilia, brazil indigenous protesters clashed police on horseback during protest of world cup ended 1 policeman shot in leg , in response police fired tear gas crowd , dispersed protest.

in separate similar example police evicted indigenous population of between 10-20 different ethnicities next maracana stadium in rio de janeiro in order prepare upcoming mega event . these residents living informally in abandoned brazilian indian museum in heart of rio, had become known fact , time leading evictions residence allowed live in location in peace. however, when event announced police eviction violent , abrupt. later discovered these evictions carried out in order make room new parking garage stadium.

in past decade more 500 indigenous people have been killed response of increased indigenous activism , increased call rights these populations. of course not of these deaths direct result of world cup specifically, however, there has been increased violence between police , these populations, has added tensions between these 2 populations , promoted violence.

many other issues involving indigenous population have surfaced result of world cup including issues between energy farmers , indigenous populations on control of specific waterways of amazon. many of these waterways being dammed in order generate power these events, closer these vital waterways these populations. result many tribes have begun protests including farm , construction site takeovers in order stop construction, has prompted many other violent clashes between these tribes , both police , farmers trying protect livelihood.