Later history Forth Bridge

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1 later history

1.1 race north
1.2 world wars
1.3 ownership





later history
race north

before opening of forth bridge, railway journey london aberdeen had taken 13 hours running euston , using london , north western railway , caledonian railway on west coast route. competition opened along east coast route great northern, north eastern , north british railways , starting king s cross, unofficial racing took place between 2 consortia, reducing journey time 8½ hours on overnight runs. reached climax in 1895 sensational daily press reports race north . when race fever subsided journey times became around 10½ hours.


world wars

in first world war british sailors time departures or returns base @ rosyth asking when pass under bridge.



a german photograph allegedly taken during raid


the first german air attack on britain in second world war took place on forth bridge, 6 weeks war, on 16 october 1939. although known forth bridge raid , bridge not target , not damaged. in all, 12 german junkers ju 88 bombers led 2 reconnaissance heinkel 111s westerland on island of sylt, 460 miles (400 nmi; 740 km) away, reached scottish coast in 4 waves of three. target of attack shipping rosyth naval base in forth, close bridge. germans hoping find hms hood, largest capital ship in royal navy. @ time, luftwaffe s rules of engagement restricted action targets on water , not in dockyard. although hms repulse in rosyth, attack concentrated on cruisers hms edinburgh , hms southampton, carrier hms furious , destroyer hms jervis. 3 ships damaged in raid: destroyer hms mohawk , 2 cruisers, hms southampton , hms edinburgh. sixteen royal navy crew died , further 44 wounded, although information not made public @ time.


spitfires raf city of edinburgh squadron intercepted raiders , during attack shot down first german aircraft downed on britain in war. 1 bomber came down in water off port seton on east lothian coast, , off crail on coast of fife. after war learned third bomber had come down in netherlands result of damage inflicted during raid. later in month, reconnaissance heinkel 111 crashed near humbie in east lothian , photographs of crashed plane were, , still are, used erroneously illustrate raid of 16 october, sowing confusion whether third aircraft had been brought down. members of bomber crew @ port seton rescued , made prisoners-of-war. 2 bodies recovered crail wreckage and, after full military funeral firing party, interred in portobello cemetery, edinburgh. body of gunner never found. wartime propaganda film, squadron 992, made gpo film unit after raid, recreated , conveyed false impression main target bridge.


ownership

a 1913 railway clearing house junction diagram showing forth bridge railway (red) , neighbouring lines of north british railway (blue)


before opening of bridge, north british railway (nbr) had lines on both sides of firth of forth between trains not pass except running @ least far west alloa , using lines of rival company. alternative route between edinburgh , fife involved ferry @ queensferry, purchased nbr in 1867. accordingly, nbr sponsored forth bridge project give them direct link independent of caledonian railway. conference @ york in 1881 set forth bridge railway committee, nbr contributed 35% of cost. remaining money came 3 english railways, ran trains london on nbr tracks. midland railway, connected nbr @ carlisle , owned route london (st pancras), contributed 30% , remainder came equally north eastern railway , great northern railway, between them owned route between berwick-upon-tweed , london (king s cross), via doncaster. body undertook construct , maintain bridge.


in 1882 nbr given powers purchase bridge, never exercised. @ time of 1923 grouping, bridge still jointly owned same 4 railways, , became jointly owned these companies successors, london midland , scottish railway (30%) , london , north eastern railway (70%). forth bridge railway company named in transport act 1947 1 of bodies nationalised , became part of british railways on 1 january 1948. under act, forth bridge shareholders receive £109 of british transport stock each £100 of forth bridge debenture stock; , £104-17-6d (£104.87½) of british transport stock each £100 of forth bridge ordinary stock.


as of april 2017, bridge , associated railway infrastructure owned network rail infrastructure limited.








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