History Istria

1 history

1.1 history
1.2 venetian republic
1.3 habsburg monarchy (1797–1805)
1.4 napoleonic era (1805–1814)
1.5 austrian empire (1814–1918)
1.6 italy (1919–1947)
1.7 sfr yugoslavia (1945–1991)
1.8 after breakup of yugoslavia (after 1991)

history

early history

austrian littoral in 1897



a leaflet period of fascist italianization, prohibiting public use of slav language on streets of vodnjan in south-western istria.

the name derived histri (greek: Ιστρών έθνος) tribes, strabo refers living in region , credited being builders of hillfort settlements (castellieri). histri classified in sources venetic illyrian tribe, linguistic differences other illyrians. romans described histri fierce tribe of pirates, protected difficult navigation of rocky coasts. took 2 military campaigns romans subdue them in 177 bc. region called venetian part x. roman region of venetia et histria , ancient definition of northeastern border of italy. dante alighieri refers well, eastern border of italy per ancient definition river arsia. eastern side of river settled people culture different histrians. earlier influence of iapodes attested there, while @ time between 4th , 1st century bc, liburnians extended territory , became part of liburnia. on northern side, histria went further north , included italian city of trieste.

some scholars speculate names histri , istria related latin name hister, or danube. ancient folktales reported—inaccurately—that danube split in 2 or bifurcated , came sea near trieste @ black sea. story of bifurcation of danube part of argonaut legend. there suspected link (but no historical documentation in support of it) commune of istria in constanţa, romania.

after fall of western roman empire, region pillaged goths, eastern roman empire, , avars. subsequently annexed lombard kingdom in 751, , annexed frankish kingdom pepin of italy in 789. in 804, placitum of riziano held in parish of rižan (latin: risanum), meeting between representatives of istrian towns , castles , deputies of charlemagne , son pepin. report judicial diet illustrates changes accompanying transfer of power eastern roman empire carolingian empire , discontent of local residents.

afterwards successively controlled dukes of carantania, merania, bavaria , patriarch of aquileia, before became territory of republic of venice in 1267. medieval croatian kingdom held far eastern part of istria (the border near river raša), lost holy roman empire in late 11th century.

venetian republic

the coastal areas , cities of istria came under venetian influence in 9th century. on 15 february 1267, parenzo formally incorporated venetian state. other coastal towns followed shortly thereafter. bajamonte tiepolo sent away venice in 1310, start new life in istria after downfall. description of 16th-century istria precise map prepared italian geographer pietro coppo. copy of map inscribed in stone can seen in pietro coppo park in center of town of izola in southwestern slovenia.

habsburg monarchy (1797–1805)

the inner part of istria around mitterburg (pazin) had been part of holy roman empire centuries, , more part of domains of austrian habsburgs since 14th century. in 1797, treaty of campo formio, venetian parts of peninsula passed habsburg monarchy, became austrian empire in 1804.

napoleonic era (1805–1814)

following austrian defeat napoleon during war of third coalition, istria became part of napoleonic kingdom of italy (1806–1810) following peace of pressburg, , part of illyrian provinces of french empire (1810–1813) after treaty of paris.

austrian empire (1814–1918)

after seven-year period, austrian empire regained istria, became part of constituent kingdom of illyria. kingdom broken in 1849, after istria formed part of austrian littoral, known küstenland , included city of trieste , princely county of gorizia , gradisca until 1918. @ time borders of istria included part of italian venezia-giulia , parts of modern-day slovenia , croatia, not city of trieste.

italy (1919–1947)

after world war , dissolution of austria-hungary, there strong local movement toward istrian independence, in end istria partitioned italy in treaty of rapallo (1920).

istria s political , economic importance declined under italian rule, , after fascist takeover of italy in 1922, italian government began campaign of forced italianization. in 1926, use of slavic languages banned, extent slavic family names ordered changed suit fascist authorities.

the organization tigr, founded in 1927 young slovene liberal nationalists gorizia region , trieste , regarded first armed antifascist resistance group in europe, penetrated slovene , croatian-speaking parts of istria.

in world war ii, istria became battleground of competing ethnic , political groups. pro-fascist, pro-allied, istrian nationalist, , yugoslav-supported pro-communist groups fought each other , italian army. after german withdrawal in 1945, yugoslav partisans gained upper hand , began violent purge of real or suspected opponents in orgy of revenge .

sfr yugoslavia (1945–1991)

after end of world war ii, istria ceded yugoslavia, except small part in northwest corner formed zone b of provisionally independent free territory of trieste; zone b under yugoslav administration , after de facto dissolution of free territory in 1954 incorporated yugoslavia. small town of muggia, near trieste, being part of zone remained italy.

location map of slovenian istria.

the events of period visible in pula. city had italian majority, , located on southernmost tip of istrian peninsula. between december 1946 , september 1947, large proportion of city s inhabitants forced emigrate italy. of them left in immediate aftermath of signing of paris peace treaty on february 10, 1947, granted pula , greater part of istria yugoslavia.

after breakup of yugoslavia (after 1991)

the division of istria between croatia , slovenia runs on former republic borders, not precisely defined in former yugoslavia. various points of contention remain unresolved between 2 countries regarding precise line of border.

it became international boundary independence of both countries yugoslavia in 1991. since croatia s first multi-party elections in 1990, regional party istrian democratic assembly (ids-ddi, istarski demokratski sabor or dieta democratica istriana) has consistently received majority of vote , maintained through 1990s position contrary government in zagreb, led nationalistic party croatian democratic union (hdz, hrvatska demokratska zajednica), regards decentralization in croatia , facets of regional autonomy.

however, changed in 2000, when ids formed 5 other parties left-centre coalition government, led social democratic party of croatia (sdp, socijaldemokratska partija hrvatske). after reformed hdz won croatian parliamentary elections in late 2003 , formed minority government, ids has cooperated state government on many projects, both local (in istria county) , national. since slovenia s accession european union , schengen area, customs , immigration checks have been abolished @ italian-slovenian border.