Kin selection Bombus ignitus

1 kin selection

1.1 haplodiploidy
1.2 genetic relatedness within colonies
1.3 worker queen conflict

kin selection
haplodiploidy

bombus ignitus, many bees, exhibit haplodiploidy. diploid queens produce diploid workers , new queens fertilized eggs. haploid drones produced unfertilized eggs, laid either queen or workers. sperm produced drone identical, containing exact haploid dna. variation arises females, produce genetically variant eggs through meiosis. sex determined under single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-csd) system, multiple alleles @ single locus determine sex of individual. sex locus heterozygotes develop females, while hemizygous , homozygous eggs develop haploid , diploid males.

genetic relatedness within colonies

as queens of b. ignitus mate 1 male, workers more closely related other workers (with whom share average of seventy 5 percent of genes with) queen (who share half genes with). respect male offspring, workers more closely related sons of other workers, sharing average of 37.5 percent of genes them, sons of queen, share 25% of genes with.

worker queen conflict

worker policing, manifested through aggressive actions against fertile workers , removal of eggs of workers, has been observed in colonies of b. ignitus. similarly, reproductive workers have been observed taking aggressive behavior against founding queens. these include eating eggs laid queen , laying eggs themselves, attacking queen herself. in analysis of 7 b. ignitus colonies, survival rate of colony founding queens 72%. these queens had damaged wings or bodies, suggests numerous conflicts workers.