19th century Free Economic Society

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nikolay mordvinov society s president between 1823 , 1840.


early members of society — including agriculturist andrey bolotov, general mikhail kutuzov, admiral aleksey senyavin, , poet gavrila derzhavin — largely shared physiocratic ideals prevalent in france. anxious spread cultivation of potatoes in russian countryside , hailed new crop ground apples .


during napoleonic wars, attention shifted agricultural developments in great britain. under direction of admiral mordvinov (1823–40), society acquired british agricultural machinery , sought intervene traditional farming techniques practiced russian peasants. mordvinov himself anglophile fanatic imported best english gravel cover roads of estates.


after konstantin kavelin elected president in 1861, free economic society concentrated on discussing future of russian village commune (obshchina). society gathered statistics agricultural production in imperial russia, compared economic well-being of various regions, contributed mapping of soils in russia, , published vasily dokuchayev s famous monograph on chernozem.


such luminaries dmitry mendeleyev, aleksandr butlerov, pyotr semyonov, , leo tolstoy involved in society s practical activities, ranging advancement of beekeeping (butlerov) enlightenment of peasant children (tolstoy).








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