Biography Bernard of Saxe-Weimar

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bernard of saxe-weimar.


at first subordinate brother william, swedish lieutenant-general succeeded command, later independent commander, bernard continued push forays on southern germany; , swedish general gustav horn made in 1633 successful invasion bavaria, defended imperialist general count aldringer. in year granted former bishoprics of würzburg , bamberg, being granted title of duke of franconia. installed 1 of many brothers statthalter, , returned wars. stern protestant, exacted heavy contributions catholic cities took, , repeated victories caused him regarded german protestants saviour of religion. in 1634 bernard suffered great defeat @ nördlingen, losing best of swedish army.


in 1635 bernard entered service of france, had intervened in war. @ same time general-in-chief of forces maintained heilbronn league of protestant princes, , general officer in pay of france. dual position difficult; in following campaigns, ably , resolutely conducted were, bernard pursued purely french policy, whilst @ other times used french mercenaries forward cause of princes. military point of view notable achievements on common ground of upper rhine, in breisgau.


in great campaign of 1638, bernard won battles of rheinfelden, wittenweiher, , thann, , captured successively rheinfelden, freiburg, , breisach, last reputed 1 of strongest fortresses in europe. bernard had in first instance received definite assurances france should given alsace , haguenau, würzburg having been lost in debacle of 1634; hoped make breisach capital of new duchy.


bernard s health, however, deteriorating. died @ neuenburg rhein @ beginning of campaign. governor of breisach bribed transfer fortress france. bernard buried @ breisach, remains being subsequently removed weimar.








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