Jain epistemology Kevala Jnana

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in jain epistemology, there 2 kinds of valid methods of knowledge: pratyakṣa or direct knowledge , parokṣa or indirect knowledge . kevala-jñana considered pratyaksa. 5 ways of obtaining knowledge defined: matijñana acquired through sensory perception; srutajñana acquired through understanding of verbal , written sentences; avadhijñana, manhaparyaya jñana , kevala jñana.


jains contrast attempts proclaim absolute truth anekantavada, can explained through parable of blind men , elephant . in story, each blind man felt different part of elephant (trunk, leg, ear, etc.). men claimed understand , explain true appearance of elephant, partly succeed, due limited perspectives. principle more formally stated observing objects infinite in qualities , modes of existence, cannot grasped in aspects , manifestations finite human perception. according jains, kevalis—omniscient beings—can comprehend objects in aspects , manifestations; others capable of partial knowledge. consequently, no single, specific, human view can claim represent absolute truth.








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